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| Tuesday, 31-Aug-2010 09:50 |
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Nation Branding and Place Marketing - VIII. The Psychology and
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VIII. The Psychology and Demographics of the Consumer
The country's "customers" are its investors, tourists, traders, market intermediaries, NGOs, and office-holders in other countries and in multilateral institutions. Understanding their psychology and demographics is crucial. Their interactions with one another take place in a complex environment, affected by governments, social forces, cultural factors, and markets.
The country must clearly identify its clientele: who are they, what motivates them, what do they do and buy (and how, where and when), what are their decision-making processes and priorities, who influences these and how. It is important to remember that people and institutions buy goods and services to satisfy needs. Nation branding is tantamount to casting the country as the superior if not exclusive answer to those needs it can cater to or even create.
The country's brand manager would do well to analyze the purchasing process: how, when, and where transactions are concluded. Understanding consumption and investment habits and patterns allows for better targeting and education of relevant market segments in order to influence and alter the behavior of target customers.
The brand manager must distinguish consumer customers from business customers and from institutional customers.
Consumer customers purchase goods and services from the country for their own consumption. Tourists are consumer customers.
Business customers buy goods and services from the country on behalf of third parties. Tour operators are business customers.
Institutional customers assemble information about the country and analyze it in order to make or to influence political and credit decisions. Banks, governments, NGOs, and lenders evaluate and finance tourism projects based on such data.
Business customers operate on a large scale and are, therefore, less numerous and less dispersed than consumer customers. Consequently, it is easier to foster long-term and close relationships with them. But, being dependent as they are on end-users, theirs is a volatile, demand-driven market. Moreover, business customers are tough negotiators (though some of them seek quality rather than price advantage).
To attract these movers and shakers, the country's brand manager must constantly monitor the global economy as well as the economies of the nation's main partners. Everything, from monetary policy to regulatory and fiscal developments affect purchasing and investment decisions.
The Encyclopedia Britannica 2005 Edition mentions some additional considerations:
"... Organizational factors, which include the objectives, policies, procedures, structures, and systems that characterize any particular company... Interpersonal factors are more salient among business customers, because the participants in the buying process—perhaps representing several departments within a company—often have different interests, authority, and persuasiveness. Furthermore, the factors that affect an individual in the business buying process are related to the participant's role in the organization. These factors include job position, risk attitudes, and income."
Consumer customers are the hardest to predict and "manipulate" because they are influenced not merely by hard-nosed intelligence - but also by rumors, age, education, stage in one's life-cycle, occupation, lifestyle, self-conception, past experiences, pecuniary circumstances, personal predilections and prejudices, as well as by a variety of cultural and social factors such as one's values, perceptions, preferences, one's status, reference groups, family, and role models. Thus, the customer's idiosyncratic background largely determines the economic outcome.
It is here that branding has an often decisive role. The more costly, infrequent, and risky the purchase, the higher the consumer's emotional involvement in the buying task. The more differentiated the country's brand, the less the anxiety provoked by the need to commit resources irrevocably.
GRE Computer Adaptive Testing, or CATs, are quite different from the paper-and-pencil standardized tests you probably have seen in the past. Aside from being taken on computer at a special test center, the main difference between Cats and paper-and-pencil tests is that Cats "adapt" to your performance. For more info visit this link - Psychology Graduate School Search.
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| Tuesday, 31-Aug-2010 09:50 |
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Foreign Language Training in Psychology
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At what time a person applies mental, emotional, and psychosomatics to learning, you often find it easier to relate to what you learn. Some of the popular techniques used in learning are handled through psychology or methods in psychological. The techniques often help people to remember, recall and memorize each new word and to grasp concepts easier.
Some of the classes, or products offered only apply psychological language to help you learn, Dutch, Spanish, French, etc, which is a great solution to help people speak and communicate with others effectively.
How psychological language works?
Psychological language works in a way that you put words together, creating mental images that assist you in recalling or remembering better, since you associate words and images in your mind. Using imagination and words often assist people by allowing them to learn and to develop new skills quickly. In psychological language, people use their imagination to create stories from images and sounds to form words that helps them to speak fluently.
To get started you want to choose from the core list of the language you intend to learn. The core lists hold keys to revealing secrets in learning foreign languages successfully. Having the core lists is handy and can help you visualize, memorize and associate easier. For instance, if you wanted to learn German, you would need to associate stem forms with endings to relate better to the words. To use visuals that help you had better relate you would connect present and past tense strong verbs to the subject, or word. The verbs are present, or perfect in German language. Past perfect and future tense words often play a large part in learning how to speak fluent German.
Thus have a core list is the beginning of learning German or other languages. The lists in most languages form into groups and in German are divided into groups, which you can use images such as colors, furniture and so on to associate. The groups of core words are easier learned in German when you add two lists. Once you divide the lists, practice each word, say in your own words what you relate to, then say in the foreign language how you relate and draw a picture to complete your practice.
If you use your imagination, you can explore foreign languages by making an adventurous game of your learning experience. Use images, words and connect the grammar, sounds, forms, etc so that you can learn quickly. When you use images, you draw active sounds and views to the mind that helps you to develop new ideas. This is all part of using psychological training and languages to learn. You can mix up your words and images to adjust to your way of learning also.
Is learning hard for you when you use common psychology learning?
If you see it hard to learn one way, try another formula that works best for you.
Some people find it hard to use visualization, so they need mind maps, puzzles, games, etc to learn in a different way.
The people that find it difficult to use visualization and word connection often learn quicker, since they do not follow customary ways of learning. Memorization is a great way to associate words. If you find it hard to learn ordinarily ways, then move to memorization whereas you repeat the words as often as you need to relate. Sometimes you are not wrong when you think that you are. Rather, you maybe pronouncing words correctly and not realize it, so take time to review and preview your learning to make sure that you are on track.
GRE Computer Adaptive Testing, or CATs, are quite different from the paper-and-pencil standardized tests you probably have seen in the past. Aside from being taken on computer at a special test center, the main difference between Cats and paper-and-pencil tests is that Cats "adapt" to your performance. For more info visit this link - Psychology Graduate School Search.
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| Tuesday, 31-Aug-2010 09:50 |
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The Psychology Of Fear And The Science Of Poker
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In the world of poker, appearances can often mean the difference between a winning hand and a losing hand. When bluffing, some people attempt to appear supremely confident to offset the fact that their hands are “junk.” This has the effect of discouraging other players from challenging you for ownership of the pot. However, there are others that prefer to use fear and anxiety as their weapons, coldly intimidating their fellow players into abandoning their positions of strength. There is a deep element of psychology whenever someone bluffs at the poker table. There can sometimes be an even deeper element of fear and anxiety behind the bluff, both for the one doing the bluffing and for those being targeted.
Some people claim they can practically smell the anxiety coming off someone who has gotten suckered into a good bluff. For some players, fear and anxiety are ideal tools in bluffing, as it plays upon some of the oldest instincts in the human psyche. When gripped by anxiety, people tend to lose their ability to objectively and clearly evaluate a situation and make good decisions. As any poker professional will tell you, the inability to analyze the situation before you is a bad situation for a poker player. Combine this with the stress of a high-risk pot and an imposing opponent and most less-experienced players will likely crack under pressure. As with all poker strategies, there are several ways to accomplish instilling fear and anxiety into your opponents during a game.
The most common method used to inspire fear and anxiety is by establishing a “reputation” or an “image.” This technique can either be long-term or short-term, though most players try to make use of both approaches. The short-term technique is to present yourself as being a dangerous player at the table you're currently playing at. This can involve consistently raising and calling, even when the odds might appear to be against you. Presenting yourself as an aggressive player can make your opponents unwilling to risk going against your calls, particularly if you've been winning most of the hands played. Other ways this can be done is through presenting an imposing physical presence, as appearances can often play a large part in how a poker player “reads” someone.
For the long-term, fear and anxiety can be instilled through the use of one's reputation or record. This method is significantly more subtle, as this relies on simply making the most of what the other players think of your poker game. For example, a player with a reputation for having a tight game can suddenly play with extreme and almost reckless aggression. This has the effect of catching other players off-guard and, while they're adjusting their strategies to cope, you can choose to keep up the aggression or drop into a defensive stance once you've managed to get a sizable number of chips.
Psychology can also play a role in deciding which strategies to employ at a poker table. According to some theorists, poker mechanics tend to favor people who are analytical and self-analytical, mainly because knowing one's strengths and weaknesses is crucial to successful poker play. Thus, a person who is able to understand his own psychological tendencies can typically be better equipped to deal with the high levels of stress involved in analyzing and re-analyzing people over the course of a game.
GRE Computer Adaptive Testing, or CATs, are quite different from the paper-and-pencil standardized tests you probably have seen in the past. Aside from being taken on computer at a special test center, the main difference between Cats and paper-and-pencil tests is that Cats "adapt" to your performance. For more info visit this link - Psychology Graduate School Search.
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